The Katuma sub-basin occupies the northwestern part of Lake Rukwa Basin, extends over an area about 15,800Km2, and covers parts of five districts (Mpanda DC, Mpanda TC, Mlele DC, Sumbawanga DC, and Nkasi DC). The sub-basin population about 439,831 (2012 National Census), more than 80% of whom live in rural areas. The sub basin population is projected to increase to about 882,201 by 2035, an increase of about 100%. Mpanda Town Council, with a population of 102,900 (2012 National Census), is the major urban area in the sub-basin and headquarters of the Katavi Region. Smaller urban areas include the small townships of Namanyere and Chala in Nkasi district. The sub-basin has an average population growth rate of 3.8% which is higher than the national average of 2.9%. The high growth rate translates into unsustainable water demand growth which poses significant challenges for management and utilization of the sub-basin’s water resources.